主张
Claim
/kleɪm/
她的主张得到了三项独立研究的数据支持。Her claim was supported by data from three independent studies.
All themes
论证结构
Argument Structure
Learn 论证结构 with theme cards, images, pronunciation, examples, and short reading practice.
理由
Reason
/ˈriːzən/
这次改变的主要原因是缺乏可靠证据。The main reason for the change was a lack of reliable evidence.
证据
Evidence
/ˈevɪdəns/
律师提交了明显支持该主张的证据。The lawyer presented evidence that clearly supported the claim.
例子
Example
/ɪɡˈzæmpəl/
这份报告给出了一个说明薄弱论证如何改进的例子。This report gives an example of how a weak argument can be improved.
反方
Counter
/ˈkaʊntər/
演讲者用更简洁的解释回应了反对意见。The speaker offered a counter to the objection with a simpler explanation.
反驳
Rebuttal
/rɪˈbʌtəl/
她的反驳逐条回应了批评。Her rebuttal addressed the criticism point by point.
结论
Conclusion
/kənˈkluːʒən/
结论部分概括了论证并重申了核心观点。The conclusion summarizes the argument and restates the main point.
支持
Support
/səˈpɔːrt/
新的调查支持这样一种观点：学生在反馈中学得更好。The new survey supports the idea that students learn better with feedback.
质疑
Challenge
/ˈtʃæləndʒ/
这些数据质疑了“价格更高就一定质量更好”的假设。The data challenge the assumption that higher cost always means higher quality.
连接
Link
/lɪŋk/
作者清楚地把练习和长期进步联系了起来。The writer made a clear link between practice and long-term progress.
逻辑
Logic
/ˈlɑːdʒɪk/
当关键事实被去掉时，这个论证的逻辑就站不住了。The logic of the argument breaks down when the key fact is removed.
有效
Valid
/ˈvælɪd/
那是一个合理的担忧，因此值得直接回应。That is a valid concern, so it deserves a direct answer.
可靠
Sound
/saʊnd/
这个方案看起来很可靠，因为它建立在现实目标之上。The plan looks sound because it is based on realistic goals.
清晰
Clear
/klɪr/
这个解释很清晰，所以听众能轻松跟上论证。The explanation is clear, so the audience can follow the argument easily.
有力
Strong
/strɔːŋ/
她有力地论证了应该修改这项政策。She made a strong case for changing the policy.
薄弱
Weak
/wiːk/
这个论证很薄弱，因为它只依赖一个不确定来源。The argument is weak because it relies on one uncertain source.
断言
Assert
/əˈsɜːrt/
作者断言这些结果没有受到偏见影响。The author asserted that the results were not influenced by bias.
驳斥
Refute
/rɪˈfjuːt/
这项研究驳斥了“这种方法没有效果”的说法。The study refutes the claim that the method has no benefit.
证明
Justify
/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/
团队试图用清晰的数据和结果来证明这个决定是合理的。The team tried to justify the decision with clear data and results.
削弱
Undermine
/ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/
一个粗心的错误就可能削弱整份报告的可信度。A careless mistake can undermine the credibility of the entire report.
论证结构
米娅先提出一个简单的 Claim：玩之前先整理桌面，能省下整个下午的时间。她给出 Reason，又补充了昨天找不到铅笔的 Evidence。
为了举 Example，她说自己的点心差点变成书签。她的同学提出 Counter，觉得先玩一会儿更快。
米娅给出 Rebuttal，并指出这个计划里有足够的 Support。她把整理和专注之间的 Link 讲清楚，用 Logic 说明这个想法是 Valid 也是 Sound 的，而且表达得很 Clear、很 Strong。
最后，她选择 Assert 这个习惯，Refute 杂乱的做法，并逐步 Justify 每一步。这个 Conclusion 甚至帮助 Undermine 那个很 Weak 的借口。
Mia began with a simple Claim: cleaning her desk before playtime would save the whole afternoon. She gave a Reason, then added Evidence from yesterday's search for a missing pencil.
For an Example, she described how her snack almost became a bookmark. Her classmate offered a Counter, saying play first felt faster.
Mia answered with a Rebuttal and pointed out the Support in her plan. She built a Link between order and focus, used Logic to show the idea was Valid and Sound, and kept it Clear and Strong.
In the end, she chose to Assert the habit, Refute the messy option, and Justify every step. That Conclusion even helped Undermine the Weak excuse that
Word list: Challenge.